Хичээл №6: Future Simple Tense

Future Simple цаг нь “will”, “be going to” гэсэн 2 хэлбэртэй. Хэдийгээр энэ 2 хэлбэр нь бие биенийгээ орлон хэрэглэгдэж болдог ч голдуу 2 өөр утгыг илэрхийлдэг. Тэрхүү утгын ялгаа нь анхандаа ойлгоход хэцүү санагддаг. Гэвч энэ цагийг хэрэглээд ирэхээр ялгаанууд нь тодорхой болдог. 2 хэлбэр нь хоёул ирээдүй дэх тодорхой хугацааг заадаг.

Form: Will
[will + verb]
Examples:

• You will help him later.
• Will you help him later?
• You will not help him later.

Positive	Negative	Question
I will help. You will help. We will help. They will help. He will help. She will help. It will help.	I will not help. You will not help. We will not help. They will not help. He will not help. She will not help. It will not help.	Will I help? Will you help? Will we help? Will they help? Will he help? Will she help? Will it help?

Form: Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:

• You are going to meet Jane tonight.
• Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
• You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

Positive	Negative	Question
I am going to leave. You are going to leave. We are going to leave. They are going to leave. He is going to leave. She is going to leave. It is going to leave.	I am not going to leave. You are not going to leave. We are not going to leave. They are not going to leave. He is not going to leave. She is not going to leave. It is not going to leave.	Am I going to leave? Are you going to leave? Are we going to leave? Are they going to leave? Is he going to leave? Is she going to leave? Is it going to leave?

Use 1: “Will” сайн дурын үйлдлийг илэрхийлнэ

“Will” нь голдуу ярилцагч ямар нэгэн юм сайн дураараа хийхийг санал болгож буй санааг илэрхийлдэг. Хэн нэгний тусламж хүссэн санал, хүсэлтэд хариу өгөхдөө бид голдуу “Will” хэрэглэнэ. Мөн бид хэн нэгнээс тусламж хүсэхдээ, эсхүл ямар нэгэн зүйлийг сайн дураараа хийхийг санал болгохдоо бас “Will”-ийг ашиглана. Үүнтэй адилаар ямар нэгэн зүйлийг сайн дураараа хийхээс татгалзах үедээ бид “Will” буюу “won’t’ гэх товчилсон хэлбэрийг нь хэрэглэнэ.

Examples:

• I will send you the information when I get it.
• I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
• Will you help me move this heavy table?
• Will you make dinner?
• I will not do your homework for you.
• I won’t do all the housework myself!
• A: I’m really hungry.
  B: I‘ll make some sandwiches.
• A: I’m so tired. I’m about to fall asleep.
  B: I‘ll get you some coffee.
• A: The phone is ringing.
  B: I‘ll get it.

Use 2: “Will” амлалтыг илэрхийлнэ
Ямар нэгэн зүйл амлахад “will” голдуу хэрэглэгдэнэ.
Examples:

• I will call you when I arrive.
• If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
• I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
• Don’t worry, I‘ll be careful.
• I won’t tell anyone your secret.

Use 3: “Be going to” төлөвлөсөн зүйлийг илэрхийлнэ

“Be going to”ямар нэгэн төлөвлөгөөг илэрхийлдэг. Энэ нь хүмүүс ирээдүйд ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийхээр төлөвлөсөн санааг илэрхийлдэг. Тэр төлөвлөсөн зүйл нь бодитой эсэх нь чухал биш

Examples:

• He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
• She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
• A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
  B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
• I‘m going to be an actor when I grow up.
• Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
• They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
• Who are you going to invite to the party?
• A: Who is going to make John’s birthday cake?
  B: Sue is going to make John’s birthday cake.

Use 4: “Will” or “Be Going to” урьдчилан таамагласан, төсөөлсөн санааг илэрхийлнэ

“Will” and “be going to” нь хоёул ирээдүйн тухай ерөнхий таамаглаж, төсөөлж буй санааг илэрхийлдэг. Ийм таамагласан өгүүлбэрийг ярьж буй хүнд ихэвчлэн ирээдүйд тухайн зүйл болно гэсэн бага зэргийн үндэслэл байдаг. Тиймээс хэрэглээ 1-3-ийг ашигладаггүй. Дараах жишээнүүдэд утгын ялгаа байхгүй.

Examples:

• The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
• The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
• John Smith will be the next President.
• John Smith is going to be the next President.
• The movie “Zenith” will win several Academy Awards.
• The movie “Zenith” is going to win several Academy Awards.

Санамж:

Future Simple цагт, ярьж буй хүн дотроо юу бодож энэ цагийг хэрэглэж буй нь үргэлж тодорхой байгаад байдаггүй. Тиймээс өгүүлбэрийн утгыг тайлбарлахын тулд голдуу нэгээс их өгүүлбэр ашиглах шаардлагатай байдаг.

Гишүүн өгүүлбэрт ирээдүй цагийг хэрэглэхгүй

Бүх ирээдүй цагийн нэгэн адилаар when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless гэх мэт үгнүүдээр эхлэсэн гишүүн өгүүлбэрт Future Simple цагийг хэрэглэхгүй. Simple Future цагийн оронд Simple Present цагийг хэрэглэнэ.

Examples:

• When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
• · When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

Adverb буюу дайвар үгийн байршил
Дараах жишээнүүд нь always, only, never, ever, still, just, гэх мэт хэл зүйн дайвар үгнүүдийн байршлыг харууллаа.
Examples:

• You will never help him.
• Will you ever help him?
• You are never going to meet Jane.
• Are you ever going to meet Jane?

Active / passive
Examples:

• John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
• The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive
• Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
• A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive